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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Kristians Tonny ： ウィキペディア英語版 Kristians Tonny Tonny Kristians (September 13, 1907 — June 20, 1977), known as Kristians Tonny,〔The artists' name Kristians Tonny is a swap of first and last names. He did so in order to avoid being confused with his father, who went by the same name.〕 was a Surrealist painter and draftsman whose career spanned from the 1920s through to the 1970s. Born in Amsterdam, he moved to Paris with his parents in 1913. Encouraged by his father, he began painting and drawing at an early age, which resulted in him getting his first exhibition at the Paris gallery ''Mouninou'' at the age of twelve and breaking through as an avant-garde artist in 1929. Later in life his he suffered considerable setbacks both his personal life and in his career, as a result of which interest in his work dwindled.〔Frida de Jong, Laurens Vancrevel (1978). Kristians Tonny: Meulenhoff. ISBN 9029011017, pp. 33-34.〕 ==Early life== His talent was recognized early on by his father, A. Kristians, who began to encourage him. He was made to stay at home and help his father in the studio. He also went with his parents wherever they went. This way the Paris street-life, the cabarets and the cinema where some of the things that provided him with much of the inspiration for his early work. He was considered a child prodigy〔S.J. Mak van Waay (1944), Lexicon van Nederlandse schilders en beeldhouwers 1870-1940, N.V. Wereldbibliotheek, p. 69.〕 and quickly became noticed. He had his first exhibition in 1920 at the Parisian gallery ''Mouninou'',〔Leo Faust, 'Nederlandsche kunst te Parijs', Bataviaasch Nieuwsblad, 15 mei 1920, p.1〕 followed in 1924 by a first exhibition in the Netherlands at the Amsterdam artist’s society ''De Kring''.〔Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Courant, 18 januari 1924, avondblad B p. 1〕 When he was about 15 years old he also regularly visited the studio of the draftsman Jules Pascin. He never was a real apprentice of Pascin, yet he learned a lot from him. In particular, he advanced the development of the transfer technique, a blind drawing technique thought up by Pascin as an experiment in free expression. Kristians Tonny perfected this technique and made it entirely his own. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kristians Tonny」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.